Voltage regulation



Nov. 9, 1948. J. A. POTTER ,2 3

' VOLTAGE REGULATION Filed Feb. 2, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VE N 70/? JA. POTTER ATTORNEY .Nov. 9, 1948. r J. A. POTTER 2,453,263

VOLTAGE REGULATION Filed Feb. 2, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 &7 6} 14a 6/ 14.9

' I FIG. 5 21 17 E 20 Law (J 2 /5 E in, /8

W 34 ruznmsro Ann/Hen INVENTOR JA'POTTER ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 9, 1948 VOLTAGE REGULATION James A. Potter, Long V alley, N. J., assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application February 2, 1944, Serial No. 520,761 14 Claims. (Cl- 175-663) This invention relates to voltage regulation and particularly to rectifying apparatus for supplying direct current at substantially constant voltage to a load.

An object of the invention is to provide im-- proved current supply apparatus having means for minimizing load voltage variations.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a voltage regulated current supply circuit having therein a phase multiplying transformer circuit which is controlled in response to load voltage variations for minimizing or substantially suppressing load voltage variations.

In an embodiment of the invention shown and described herein for the purpose of illustration, there are provided a multiphase bridge rectifier and filter for supplying direct current to a load and a phase multiplying transformer circuit for supplying current from an alternating current supply source to the rectifier. When the alternating current supply voltage is at a minimum value and the load current is at a maximum value the transformer circuit supplies nearly balanced multiphase voltages to the bridge rectifier circuit. An increase in supply voltage or a decrease in load causes the multiphase voltages to become unbalanced, thus tending to decrease the load voltage to compensate for the increase in load voltage which would result due to an increase in supply voltage or a decrease in load if the degree of balance of the multiphase voltages supplied to the rectifier remained fixed. The changes in balancing of the multiphase voltages are due to relative impedance changes of different portions of the phase multiplying transformer circuit caused by current changes in a transformer winding. Means responsive to residual load voltage variations are provided for further reducing the load voltage variations caused by load or supply voltage changes or for reducing load voltage changes due to resistance changes in the portion of the circuit connecting the phase multiplying transformer and the load, for example, resistance changes of the rectifier elements caused by temperature variation or aging, this means likewise functioning to control the current through a transformer winding to change the relative impedances of different portions of the phase multiplying transformer circuit. There may be employed, for example, two transformers having their primary windings connected in series to a single phase supply source and having Scott connected secondary windings connected to a three-phase bridge'rectifier, a condenser being connected in shunt with respect to a primary or a secondary winding of one of the transformers, a current path in shunt with respect to the primary winding of one of the transformers and means for varying the impedance of the shunt path in response to load voltage variations for controlling the current through the transformer primary winding. If desired, the transformer which does not have a condenser connected in shunt with its primary or secondary winding may have an inductance element connected in shunt with its primary winding. Alternatively, one of the transformers may have a tertiary winding to which is connected a current path the impedance of which is varied in accordance with load voltage variations. The invention is not limited to the use of a transformer circuit having a singlephase input and a three-phase output connected to a three-phase rectifier. There may be used. for example, a three-phase current supply source and a phase multiplying transformer circuit for multiplying the three-phase input to a nine-phase output which is connected to a nine-phase bridge rectifier.

Fig. 1 of the drawing is a schematic view of a regulated rectifier embodying the invention; and

Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive, are schematic views of modifications of the regulated rectifier shown in Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing, there are provided transformers TI and T2 having primary windings l0 and II, respectively, connected in series to a single-phase alternating current supply source i2. The primary winding i0 is shunted by an inductance element it and the primary winding II is shunted by a condenser H. The secondary transformer windings i5 and I8 are Scott connected, one terminal of winding I5 being connected to a mid-tap of winding l6 and the remaining transformer terminals being connected by means of leads 3%, 3i and 32 to a three-phase bridge rectifier comprising rectifier elements H. The direct current terminals of the bridge rectifier are connected through a filter comprising an inductance element l8 and a condenser IE! to a load 20, the positive terminal of the rectifier being connected directly to the positive load terminal and the negative rectifier terminal being connected through inductance element is to the negative load terminal and the condenser is being connected across the load. A resistancepath comprising resistors 2| and 22 and a potentiometer 23 in series is connected to the load terminals. There is provided an electronic device 24, preferably of the. gasfilled type, having an anode, a control electrode accuses it and a thermionic cathode to which heating current is supplied from the source it! through a transformer T3. The space current, or anodecathode, path of the tube 2% is in a circuit connected in shunt with respect to the primary winding it of transformer Tl, one terminal of the transformer winding ill being connected directly to the cathode and the other transformer winding terminal being connected through an inductance element 25 to the anode of the tube. The inductance element is preferably a so= called "swinging choke" such as disclosed in an application of A. Majlinger and B. E, Stevens, Serial No. 466,856, filed November 25, 1942 (United States Patent 2,400,559, granted May 21, 19 56), to give smooth control of the current in the tube 26. The inductance element 38 is also preferably a swinging choice oi this type. The negative load voltage terminal is connected directly to the cathode of tube 25 and the vari. able tap of potentiometer is connected through a biasing battery 26 and resistor ill to the control electrode or grid of thetube, a condenser 28 being connected from the cathode to the com mon terminal of battery and resistor Resistor-El limits the flow of grid current. Com

denser 28 is provided to introduce delay in the input or control circuit of tube 24 hunting.

It is well known that in a simple rectifying cir== cult for supplying direct current to a load and having no means for minimizing or substantially eliminating load voltage variations, the load voltage is reduced by any increase in load and the load voltage is increased by any increase in supply voltage. Such a simple circuit might con= sist of a single-phase transformer for connecting a single-phase alternating current source to a to prevent supplied to the rectifier therefore become unsingle-phase bridge rectifier and a filter circuit for connecting the rectifier to a load. A partial compensation for load voltage variations would be effected in a circuit like that shown in Fig. l but with the compensating circuit comprising the electronic tube 243 omitted. When the voltage of sourcei2 is at a minimum operating value and the load, that is, the current flowing through the load resistor 20, is at a maximum value, nearly balanced three-phase voltage is supplied from the Scott connected secondary, windings of trans formers TI and T2 to the three-phase bridge rectifier. For this condition the voltage across the primary winding ll) of transformer Ti and inductance element l3 in parallel therewith leads the current from the source l2 by about degrees and the voltage across the primary winding ll of transformer T2 having condenser i l in parallel therewith lags the current from the source I2 by about 45 degrees. When the load is decreased by increasing the resistance of load rcsistor 20, the impedance of the portion of the circuit consisting of winding H and condenser l4 connected in parallel increases, said impedance becoming less capacitive and more resistive. For this condition of decreased load, the voltage across the primary winding ll of transformer T2 in? creases in magnitude and becomes less lagging with respect to the current in the circuit and the voltage across the primary winding ID of transformer Tl decreases. For light loads. therefore, the three-phase voltages supplied to the rectifier are unbalanced, the voltage across leads 30 and 3| being larger than the voltage for the full load condition and the voltages across leads 3! and t2 and across leads 30 and 32 being smaller than the corresponding voltages for the full load condibalanced to decrease the load voltage, thus tend= ing to prevent a rise in load voltage which would result if the three-phase voltages remained bal anced.

The changes of balance of the three-phase voltages resulting from load changes or supply voltage changes do not entirely prevent load voltage changes. A regulating circuit comprising electronic device 2 5 responsive to residual changes in load voltage is therefore provided for efiecting a further reduction in load voltage variations. When there is an increase in load voltage, for example, the control grid of tube 2d becomes relatively more positive with respect to its cathode to cause the impedance of the anode-cathode path of the tube to decrease. The impedance of the portion of the circuit having winding ill in one of the three parallel branches, inductance element R3 in a second branch and the anode-cathode path of tube is and inductance element 25 in series in a third branch is therefore decreased and the impedance of the portion of the circuit comprising winding M and condenser It is increased. Therefore, the three-phase voltages become unbalanced to further limit or substantially prevent the rise in load voltage.

The use of the regulating circuit which is controlled by load voltage variations not only increases the effectiveness of the load voltage regulation produced as the result of impedance changes in the phase multiplying transformer circuit, but the regulating circuit also serves to control the phase multiplying transformer circuit to efiect a reduction in load voltage variations which cannot be compensated for even in part by the transformer circuit per so without the control of the regulating circuit. Assume, for

example, that the resistance of the rectifier ele- Therefore, a change in load voltage due to a resistance change in the circuit connecting the phase multiplying transformers with the load cannot be compensated for by the phase multiplying transformer circuit per se but the load voltage changes would be increased due to the change in balance of the three-phase voltages effected by the phase multiplying transformer. However, a decrease in load voltage resulting from an increase of the resistance of the rectifier elements, for example, will cause the anode-cathode impedance of tube 24 to increase. The impedance of the portion of the circuit consisting of winding 6 I and condenser I 4 in parallel will thus be reduced to cause the voltage across the transformer winddesignations as in Figs. 1 and 2.

the bias of the grid of tube 24 with respect to its I cathode.

The circuit shown in Fig. 2 is a modification of the circuit shown in Fig. 1 and the corresponding parts of the two figures have the same designations. Thetwo figures differ in the following respects. The inductance element I3 shown in Fig.

l is omitted from Fig. 2, the winding III of transformer Tl having the inductance required for satisfactory operation. Instead of connecting a' condenser l4 in shunt with the primary winding ll of transformer T2 as shown in Fig. 1, a condenser 33 of Fig. 2 is connected across the leads and 3| going to the terminals of the secondary with winding ll! of transformer Tl as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 2 the three-phase voltages impressed upon the three-phase bridge rectifier by way of the leads 30, 3! and 32 are nearly balanced when the load is a maximum and the supply voltage from source 12 has a minimum amplitude. When the load is decreased, the impedance of the portion of the circuit consisting of winding l6 and condenser 33 in shunt therewith increases, this impedance becoming more resistive and less capacitive. The voltage across leads 3!! and 3| therefore increases while the voltage across leads 3! and 32 and the voltage across leads 30 and 32 decreases. thus reducing or minimizing the rise in load voltage. A similar action takes place when the voltage of source i2 rises. Residual load voltage changes due to load variations or supply voltage variations and load voltage changes due to other causes, such as impedance changes in the circuit connecting the transformers Ti and T2 with the load, are reduced or substantially eliminated due tothe action of the regulating circuit comprising the electronic tube 24. An increase in load voltage, for example, will make the grid of tube 24 relatively more negative to increase the anode-cathode impedance of the tube and therefore to increase the impedance of the shunt path across winding H. As a result the impedance of the secondary winding i6 is decreased, the voltage across leads 30 and 3! is increased and the voltages of the other wo phases are decreased to decrease the load voltage, thus minimizing or substantially preventing a rise in load voltage.

,Fig. 3 shows a further modification of the regulated restifier circuits of Figs. 1 and 2 and the corresponding parts of Fig. 3 have the same Diode electronic rectifier tubes 42 are used in the rectifier bridge circuit of Fig. 3 instead of the disc type rectifiers used in the preceding circuits. The transformer T2 is provided with windings 34 and 35 in addition to the primary winding II and the secondary winding H. A full-wave rectifier comprising gasto the anodes of tubes 33 and 31, respectively.

The cathodes are connected to the positive load terminal. The mid-tap of transformer winding 34 is connectedthrough inductance element l8 to the negative load voltage terminal. The variable tap of potentiometer is connected through grid biasing battery 28 to the positive direct current terminal of a bridgerectifier 40, the negative terminal of which is connected through resistors 21 and 33 'to the control grid of tube 36 and through resistors 21 and 33 to the control grid of tube 31. The alternating current terminals of the rectifier 40 are connected to the transformer winding 35 so that, when the voltage of source l2 increases, for example, the grids of tubes 36 and 31 are biased relatively more negatively to compensate for the increased voltage impressed upon the anodes of the tubes from transformer winding 34. It will be noted that in thiscircuit the direct component of the current flowing through the rectifier tubes 36 and 31 is made useful in that it flows through the load, the alternating or ripple component being suppressed by the filter l8, l3. In this circuit, as in the preceding circuits, a part of the load voltage regulation is due to the regulating action of thephase multiplying transformer circuit per se. Precise regulation is due to the regulating circuit comprising tubes 36 and 31 having their anode-cathode paths connected in circuit with transformer winding 34. When there is a small increase in load voltage, for example, the grids of tubes 36 and 31 are Y biased relatively more negatively, thus increasing the anode-cathode impedances of tubes 33 and 31. The current in tertiary winding 34 is therefore decreased to increase the impedance of the portion of the circuit consisting of winding H and condenser l4 in. parallel. The voltages across the primary and secondary windings, respectively, of transformer T2 are therefore increased and the voltages across the windings of transformer Tl are decreased to decrease the load voltage and thus compensate for the initially assumed increase in load voltage.

Fig. 4 is a modification of the circuit shown in Fig. 3 in which current from a three-phase supply source H2 is supplied through the phase multiplying transformer circuit comprising transformers Ti and T2 "to a nine-phase bridge rectifier comprising rectifier elements H. The transformer Ti has primary wind ngs HIA, I03 and IDC and secondary win-dings l5A, I53 and 15C. Transformer T2 has primary windings IIA, HB and HG. shunted by condensers MA, MB and MC, respectively. secondary windings ISA. SB and SC and tertiary windings 34A, 34B and 34C. Primary winding IDA of transformer Ti and primary winding I IA of transformer T2 are connected in series to one phase of the three-phase supply source and the other primary windings of these transformers are similarly connected to the other phases of the source H2. One terminal of secondary winding 45A of transformer TI is connected to lead 32A going to the nine-phase bridge rectifier and its other terminal is connected to a mid-tap of secondary winding 16A of transformer T2. The end terminals of windings lBA are connected, respecc eapes I d tively to leads 30A and 31A going to the rectifier bridge. Secondary transformer windings MB, and I8B are similarly connected to leads SIB and 3213 while secondary transformer windings C and IE0 are similarly connected to leads 30C, MC and 320, all connected to the bridge rectifier.

The portion of the phase multiplying transformer circuit comprising transformer windings NA, NA, A and WA and condenser MA energized from one of the phases of the source ill! will supply three-phase current to the bridge rectifier by way of leads (MA, MA and 32A, this portion of the circuit functioning similarly to the phase multiplying transformer circuit comprising windings Ni, ii, i5, iii and condenser i l of Fig. 3. A phase multiplying action is similarly performed by the group of elements comprising windings IDB, HB, i533 and i618 and condenser MB receiving energy from a second phase of the supply plate of the condenser to the control grid of tube M When the load voltage rises above its normal value, the control grid of tube 4i becomes relativel-y more positive with respect to its cathode to cause the anode current flowing through resistor 40 to increase. The control grids of rectifier tubes 136A, 3613 and 360 thus become relatively more source and by the group of elements comprising windings NC, NC, lfiC and M and condenser negative with respect to their cathodes to cause the current flowing .through the transformer windings 34A, 34B and 34C to decrease and the impedance of each of the primary windings HA, I dB and HC'to decrease. The voltages across secondary windings 5A, 5B and 3C are thus increased and the voltages across windings ISA, i5B and I50 are reduced to cause the load voltag to decrease to its normal value.

Fig. 5 shows another modification of the circuit shown in Fig. 3. In this circuit the tertiary Winding 34 of transformer T2 is connected through a thermistor 52 to the alternating current terminals of a bridge rectifier comprising rectifying elements 5!. The positive direct cur-- rent terminal of this bridge rectifier is connected to the positive load terminal and the negative terminal or" the bridge rectifier Si is connected through inductance element IE to the negative of the nine-phase voltages have the effect of retubes 36A, 36B and 36C. The star-connected windings 34A, 34B and 34C of transformer T2, have their common terminal connected through inductance elements 25 and I8 to the negative load voltage terminal and the other terminals of these windings are connected, respectively, to the anodes of tubes 36A, 36B and 36C. The cathodes of thesetubes to which heating current is supplied from any suitable source, not shown, are connected to the positive load voltage terminal. The control grids of the rectifier tubes are connected through resistors 38A, 38B and 380, respectively, to one terminal ofa resistor M1, the other terminal of which is connected to the cathodes of the tubes. The average current flowing through each of the windings 34A, 34B and 340 is therefore controlled in accordance with the voltage drop across resistor 40 produced by the anode-cathode current of tube 4| flowing through the resistor. The anode-cathode path of amplifier tube 41 may be traced from the positive terminal of battery 42 to the anode of the tube and from its cathode through the load and through the resistor 40 to the negative terminal of battery 42. The control grid of tube 4! is connected through resistor 21 andbiasing battery 26 to the variable tap of potentiometer 23 and the cathode of this tube is connected to the,

negative load voltage terminal. The tube 4! has a screen grid which receives its potential from a connection to the common terminal of resistor 2i and potentiometer 23. One plate of a condenser 28 is connected to the cathode and the other load voltage terminal. The current through winding 34 is controlled in accordance with the current supplied to the thermistor heater from the output circuit of an amplifier 50, the input circuit of which is connected across the load terminals. The amplifier 5i! is designated to cause the current through the thermistor heater to decrease in response to a rise in load voltage to cause the resistance of the thermistor to rise and the current through winding 34 to decrease. As in Fig. 3, when there is a rise in load voltage, the current through the winding 34 is decreased, This has the result of decreasing the current supplied to the load from the rectifier 5i and of decreasing the impedance of winding H to cause the voltage across winding I6 to increase and that across winding IE to decrease to reduce the load voltage. The load voltage is thus restored to its normal value.

The batteries 26 and 42 are shown in the drawing for simplicity. As known to those skilledin the art; battery 42 can be replaced by a small auxiliary rectifier and a regulated rectifier producing a constant voltage can be used in place of battery 26 to furnish a source of reference voltage.

What is claimed is:

1. The combination with a circuit for conmeeting an alternating current supply source to a load, of a first means connected between said supply source and the remainder of said circuit for changing said alternating supply current into alternating current having an increased number of phases, said means causing the voltages of said increased phases to vary with respect to each other to minimize load voltage variations due to load changes and voltage changes of said source, a second means the impedance of which may vary connected in said circuit between said first means and said load, a third means responsive to a voltage impressed thereon for controlling said first means, and means connected across said load for deriving and impressing upon said third means a voltage proportional to the load voltage for causing the reduction of load voltage variations due to the impedance variations of said second means.

2. In combination, a multiphase rectifier for supplying current to a load, phase multiplying transformer means having a plurality of primary circuits connected to different phases respectively, of a multiphase alternating current supply source a plurality of corresponding secondary circuits for impressing upon said rectifier multiphase voltages having a greater number ofiphases than the phases of said current source and a plurality of star-connected tertiar windings one for each of the phases of said source in which currents are caused to i'iow for controlling the relative amplitudes of the multiphase voltages impressed upon said rectifier, a plurality of auxiliary rectifiers, a plurality of circuits including said auxiliary rectifiers, respectively, and said load connected to said tertiary windings, respectively, and means under control of a portion at least of the load voltage for controlling said auxiliary rectifiers to control the currents in said tertiary windings, thereby causing the relative amplitudes of the multiphase voltages impressed upon the multiphase rectifier to vary in response to load voltage variations for minimizing said load voltage variations.

3. In combination with a multiphase rectifier for supplying direct current to a load, of two transformers having a plurality of windings including primary windings to which single phase current is supplied from an alternating current supply source and Scott-connected secondary windings for impressing three-phase voltages upon said rectifier, a condenser being connected in shunt with respect to one of the primary and secondary windings of one of said transformers, a tertiary winding for said one transformer, the relative amplitudes of the three-phase voltages varying in response to current changes in the transformer windings due to load changes and supply voltage changes to reduce resulting load voltage variations and means responsive to load voltage changes for controlling the current in a winding of said transformers for further reducing load voltage changes, said means comprising variable impedance means connected to said tertiary windings and means responsive to load voltage variations for varying .the impedance of said variable impedance means.

4.-In combination with a multiphase rectifier for supplying direct current to a load, of two transformers having a plurality of windings including primary windings to which single phase current is supplied from an alternating current supply source and Scott-connected secondary windings for impressing three-phase voltages upon said rectifier, a condenser being connected in shunt with respect to one of the primary and secondary windings of one of said transformers, a tertiary winding for said one transformer, the relative amplitudes of the three-phase voltages varying in. response to current changes in the transformer windings due to load changes and supply voltage changes to reduce resulting load voltage variations and means responsive to load voltage changes for controlling the current in a winding of said transformers for further reducing load voltage changes, said means comprising a circuit connected to said tertiary winding including rectifying means and said load and means for controlling the-current in said circuit in accordance with load voltage variations.

5. In combination with a multiphase rectifier for supplying direct current to a load, of two transformers having a plurality of windings including primary windings to which single phase current is supplied from an alternating current '10 supply source and Scott-connected secondary windings for impressing three-phase voltages upon said rectifier, a condenser being connected in shunt with respect to one of the primary and secondary windings of one of said transformers, a tertiary winding for said one transformer, the relative amplitudes of the three-phase voltages varying in response to current changes in the transformer windings due to load changes and supply voltage changes to reduce resulting load voltage variations, variable impedance means, means responsive to load voltage changes for controlling the current in a winding of said transformers for further reducing load voltage changes, said means comprising a circuit connected to said tertiary winding including rectifying means, said load and said variable impedance means, and means responsive to load voltage for controlling the impedance of said variable impedance means in accordance with load voltage variations.

6. In combination with a multiphase rectifier for supplying direct current to a load, of two transformers having a plurality of windings including primary windings tolwhich single phase current is supplied from an alternating current supply source and Scott-connected secondary windings for impressing three-phase voltages upon said rectifier, a condenser being connected in shunt with respect to one of the primary and secondary windings of one of said transformers, a tertiary winding for said one transformer, the relative amplitudes of the three-phase voltages varying in response to current changes in the transformer windings due to load changes and supply voltage changes to reduce resulting load voltage variations and means responsive to load voltage changes for controlling the current in a winding of'said transformers for further reducing load voltage changes, said means comprising a circuit connected to said tertiary winding including rectifying means, said .load and a thermistor, said thermistor having a heater winding, an amplifier, means for connecting the input of said amplifier to said load circuit and means for connecting the output of said amplifier to said thermistor heater winding.

'7. In combination, means for supplying current to a load comprising phase multiplying} transformer means having a plurality of windings including a primary winding to which current is supplied from an alternating current source, a space discharge device having-aspace current path and space current control means for controlling the current in said path, means comprising said space discharge device for causing current in one of said plurality of said windings to vary in response to changes of space current in said path and means for deriving and impressing upon said control means a voltage which varies in accordance with load voltage changes for controlling the space current in said path and thereby controlling the current in said one winding to cause said load voltage changes to be minimized.

8. A combination in accordance with claim 1 in which said first means in a phase multiplying transformer means having a plurality of windings including primary windings connected to said alternating current source and secondary windings connected to said second means.

9. A combination in accordance with claim 1 asse ses it transformer means having a plurality of windings including primary windihgs connected to said alternating current source and secondary windings connected to said second means, in which said second means lea rectifier and in which said third means comprises means for controlling the current supplied to one of said plurality of windinss.

11. A combination in accordance with claim 3 in which said'varlalole impedance means comprises the space current path of a space current device having an anode, a cathode and a control electrode and in which the means responsive to load voltage variations for varying the impedance of said variable impedance means comprises a circuit connecting said control electrode and said cathode and means for impressing upon said circuit a voltage proportional to the load voltage.

12. A combination in accordance with claim 7 in whlchsaid means for supplying current to a load comprises a multiphase rectifier and in which said phase multiplying transformer means comprises a secondary winding for supplying current to said rectifier.

13. In, combination, rectifying means for rectifying multiphase alternating current supplied thereto and for supplying the rectified current to a load which may vary over an operating range drum 2. minimum to a maximum load. an alternatlug current supply source the voltage of which may vary over an operating range from a minimum to a maximum voltage, afirst means connected between said supply source and said rectiher for changing said alternating supply current into alternating current having an increased number of phases, said means supplying substantially balanced multiphase voltages to said rectiher under conditions or maximum load and minimum voltage of said supply source, the voltage across the load increasing in response to a de= crease of load and vice versa and said load UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,018,348 Dljksterhis Oct. 22, 1935 2,079,500 Foos May 4, 1937 35 2,206,123 Rinia July 2, 1940 2,331,131 Moyer Oct. 5, 1943 2,364,558 Stocker Dec. 5, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS 40 Number Country Date 546,976 Great Britain Aug. 7, 1942 voltage increasing in response to an increase of voltage of said supply source and vice versa, control means responsive to a voltage impressed thereon for controlling said first means, and means connected across said load for deriving and impressing upon saidcontrol means a voltage proportional to load voltage to cause said multiphase voltages to become increasingly unbalanced as the load is decreased over the load operating range and vice versa for all operating values of supply source voltage and to cause said multiphase voltages to become increasingly unbalanced as the voltage of said supply source is increased over the operating range of supply source voltage and vice versa for all values of load in the operating range.

l4. A combination in accordance with claim 13 in which said first means comprises two transformers having a plurality of windings including primary windings to which single phase current is supplied from said alternating current source and Scott-connected secondary windings fo'r impressing three-phase voltages upon said rectifier.

I JAMES A. POTTER.

REFERENCCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: 

